Lesson 91 – الدَّرْسُ الحَادِي وَالتِّسْعُونَ

The Morphologic Measurement - الْمِيزانُ الصَّرْفِيُّ

Cases of replacement – حَالَاتُ الإِبْدَالِ

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  • The Arabic language in some few cases tends to replace some consonants with similar ones to make easy pronounce. E.g. sometimes the “ت /t/” is changed to “ط /ŧ/” or “د /d/”. This kind of change is for phonetic purpose, i.e. to make the letter convenient to its preceding or following letter.
  • In these cases, this change does not affect the morphological measurement, i.e. the pattern should be the same with the old augmented letter before replacement. E.g. in the verb “اِصْـطَـبَر he became patient”, there is a replacement, as the stem is “صَبَر” and the augmented letter which should be “ت”, is replaced with “ط”. Here, we should say that the pattern is “IftaƐal افْتَعَل”.
  • Consider the following examples:

Verb

Pattern

Verb before replacement

اِصْـطَبَرَ

اِفْـتَـعَلَ

اِصـتَبَر

اِضْـطَـرَبَ

اِفْـتَـعَلَ

اِضْـتَرَبَ

اِصْـطَـلَحَ

اِفْـتَـعَلَ

اِصْـتَـلَحَ

اِزْدَهَـرَ

اِفْـتَـعَلَ

اِزْتَـهَـرَ

اِدَّكَرَ

اِفْـتَـعَلَ

اِدْتَـكَرَ