Lesson 85 – الدَّرْسُ الخامِسُ والثَّمانون

The style of praise and blame - أُسْلُوبُ الْمَدْحِ وَالذَّمِّ

The syntax of the sentence of the praise and the blame – تحليل جملة المدح والذم

• We are still in lesson eighty four of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.

• In this part we will learn the components of the Arabic sentence of praise and blame In-Shaa’-Allaah (God willing). The sentence in these two Arabic styles consists of three parts as follows:

• We are still in lesson eighty four of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
• In this part we will study the rules of the above mentioned parts as follows:

-          The rules of the verbs (نِعْمَ – بِئْسَ - ساءَ).

-          The rules of the verbs (حَبَّذَا - لا حَبَّذَا).

-          The rules of the specified noun.

• Following are the details of each point of them:

1-            The rules of the verbs (نِعْمَ – بِئْسَ - ساءَ).

a-    These verbs are only used in the past form, otherwise it may not be specific to praise and blame. I.e. in order to mean the praise or blame, these verbs should be in the past, indeclinable on the fatħah.

b-    The doer of these verbs has three cases:

• To be definite by (al); in such case it is supposed to be in the nominative case. Consider the following examples:

• To be annexing to a noun definite by (al); it is also here supposed to be in the nominative case, as in the following examples:

• The doer can also be a latent pronoun (هو), which is explained by the indefinite accusative distinctive afterwards. Consider the following examples:

• always in the nominative case, because it is considered a delayed subject which its predicate is the entire advanced verbal sentence of praise or blame.
• Therefore when we say: نِعْمَ الطُّلابُ مُحَمَّدٌ , this structure is grammatically supposed to be: مُحَمَّدٌ نِعْمَ الطُّلاَّبُ.
• From the above mentioned point we can understand that it is possible to advance the specified noun, i.e. to place it before the verb of praise or blame as follows:

• It is possible to omit the specified noun from the sentence of (نِعْمَ - بِئْسَ) only, under a condition that the meaning of the omitted noun is understood from the context. Consider the following example:

2-            The rules of the verbs (حَبَّذَا - لا حَبَّذَا).

• We learnt earlier that the verbs (حَبَّذَا - لا حَبَّذا) are conjugated in the past form, and the doer of each is the demonstrative noun (ذا). The specified noun in this structure falls always after the verb (i.e. it can never be advanced).
• Therefore the sentence of (حَبَّذَا - لا حَبَّذا) consists of three parts as follows:

• We now clearly understand that (حبَّ) in this structure is a verb in the past, and it is indeclinable on the fatħah. While the doer is the demonstrative noun (ذا).
• We also understand that the specified noun is also in the nominative case, because it is a delayed subject, which its predicate is the advanced verbal sentence.
• The demonstrative doer (ذا) can also be followed by a distinctive in the accusative case. In such structure the nominative specified noun falls after the distinctive. Consider the following examples:

• In the above mentioned structure, the demonstrative (ذا) is always in the singular masculine, even if the specified noun is in different gender and number. Consider the following structures: