Lesson 93 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّالِثُ وَالتِّسْعُونَ
Patterns and Meanings of Augmented Verbs - أَوْزانُ الأفْعالِ الْمَزيدَةِ وَمعانِيها
Patterns of the triple verb augmented with two letters (IftaƐala–InfaƐala–TafaƐƐala–TafāƐala IfƐalla) –مَعَانِي صِيَغِ الثُّلاثِيِّ الْمَزِيدِ بِحَرْفَيْنِ (اِفْتَعَلَ.اِنْفَعَلَ.تَفَعَّلَ.تَفاعَلَ.اِفْعَلَّ)
1- Pattern IftaƐala اِفْتَعَلَ
- This pattern is augmented with an intial Alif and medial Tā’. It gives the meaning of intransitivity, i.e. the meaning of the original verb (before the augmentation) is transitive, while the new meaning is intransitive. It means that the action has been done in the passive voice form (regardless the doer of the action), but it is passive in meaning and active in form.
- Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
The two cars have been crashed. | Crash | ||
The documents have disappeared from the office. | To be hidden | ||
The banknotes have been burned. | Burn | ||
The milk has been missed with water. | Mix |
2- Pattern InfaƐala اِنْفَعَلَ:
- This pattern is a triple verb augmented with initial Alif and Nūn. This is also gives the meaning of passive voice verb although it’s form is morphologically active voice.
- The only difference between this pattern and the previous one is that the previous pattern could be transitive or intransitive verb, while this pattern is always intransitive.
- Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
I’ve opened the door, so it has been opened. | Open | ||
The glass fell on the ground and it has been broken. | Break | ||
The electricity has been cut off. | Cut |
3- Pattern TafaƐƐala تَفَعَّلَ:
This pattern is a triple verb augmented with two letters: the intial Tā’ and the doubled medial consonant.
It may mean two things:
- The exaggeration or increment
- The intransitivity.
The exaggeration or increment may appear in a verb like تخرَّج meaning graduate from the original خَرَجَ meaning exit. Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
The Rebels have been split up. | Separate | ||
The flowers bloom in spring. | Open | ||
I’ve got acquainted with a new friend. | Know |
- The second meaning is the intransitivity. In this meaning also, we find the meaning of the passive voice although the form is morphologically active voice. Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
The office has been cleaned. | Clean | ||
The rope has been cut. | Cut | ||
The site has been destroyed. | Destroy | ||
The water has been vaporized. | Vaporize |
4- Pattern TafāƐala تَفاعَلَ:
- This pattern of triple verb is augmented with an initial Tā’ and medial Alif. It may indicate two meanings:
- The reciprocity: Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
The two brothers raced and the elder one won. | Race | ||
The thieves shared the stolen objects. | Divide | ||
The two boxers punched each other. | reciprocate |
- The intransitivity: As we learned earlier, the intransitivity may give the meaning of passive voice.
- Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
The rebels went far from the site. | Go far | ||
The religions coexisted. | Live | ||
The two spouses quarreled. | Fight |
5- Pattern IfƐalla اِفْعَلَّ:
- This pattern is one of the triple verbs augmented with an initial Alif with the doubling of the final consonant.
- It may have the meaning of consequence or transformation. This pattern comes only with intransitive meaning.
- Consider the following examples:
Example | Original verb | ||
Arabic | English | Arabic | English |
The trees became yellow in winter. | Become yellow | ||
Then, it became green in spring. | Become green | ||
Flowers became extremely red. | Become red | ||
After the match, the boxer became one-eyed. | Become one-eyed |