Lesson 93 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّالِثُ وَالتِّسْعُونَ
Patterns and Meanings of Augmented Verbs - أَوْزانُ الأفْعالِ الْمَزيدَةِ وَمعانِيها
Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ
- We’ve learnt earlier that the Arabic verbs are morphologically divided into two categories:
1- The abstract verbs الأَفْعَالُ الْمُجَرَّدَةُ:
These verbs consist of the original root letters (regardless the conjugation suffixes or prefixes).
2- The augmented verbs الأَفْعَالُ الْمَزِيدَةُ:
- These verbs consist of the original root letters plus one, two or three of the augmented letters (regardless the conjugation suffixes or prefixes).
- As we learnt the abstract verbs in detail in the previous lesson, lesson 92, we will learn in this lesson the patterns of the augmented verbs in detail.
- Arabic grammarians stated that the augmented letters are exclusively those letters which are found in the Arabic word سَأَلْتُمُونِيهَا, literary meaning “you asked me it”, but these ten letters included in that word could be add to a noun or a verb. If we talk about only verbs, the augmented letters will be only five (أ - ت - س - ن - ا) that will be studied in this lessons In-Shaa’-Allaah (Allah willing).
- But, our study of the augmented verb will be slightly different from our study of the abstract verbs. The difference lies in that we will study the forms and meanings, i.e. we will also study how the augmented letter may affect the meaning of the original root.
- The augmented verbs are divided into four categories:
1- Triple verb augmented with one letter الْفِعْلُ الثُّلاثِيُّ المَزِيدُ بِحَرْفٍ:
The verb in this category could be in one of the following three patterns:
Pattern | Augmentation | Example | Meaning |
AfƐala أَفْـعَـلَ | Initial Hamzah | I made Khalid sit on the chair. | |
FaƐƐala فَـعَّـلَ | Doubling the medial root letter | The father kissed his son. | |
FāƐala فَـاعَلَ | Alif after the initial letter | The man was at odds with his wife. |
2- Triple verb augmented with two letters:
The verb in this category could be in one of the following five patterns:
Pattern | Augmentation | Example | Meaning |
IfaƐala اِفْتَعَلَ | Initial Hamzah and medial Tā’ | The student respected his appointment. | |
TafaƐƐala تَفَعَّلَ | Initial Tā’ and doubling the medial root letter | The student made progress in his study. | |
TafāƐala تَفاعَلَ | Initial tā’ and medial Alif | The students competed for the prize. | |
InfaƐala اِنْفَعَلَ | Initial Alif and Nūn | The glass was broken. | |
IfƐalla اِفْعَـلَّ | Initial Alif and doubling the final root letter | The hair of the man became white. |
3- Triple verbs augmented with three letters:
The verb in this category could be in one of the following pattern:
Pattern | Augmentation | Example | Meaning |
IstafƐala اِسْتَفْعَلَ | Initial Alif, Sīn and Tā’. | The student |
4- Quadruple augmented verbs:
The verb in this category could be in one of the following two patterns: TafaƐlala تفعْلَلَ and IfƐanlala افعنْلَلَ.
Pattern | Augmentation | Example | Meaning |
TafaƐlala تَفَعْلَلَ | The ball has been rolled over. |