Lesson 79 – الدَّرْسُ التَّاسِعُ والسَّبْعونَ

The followers (2) The adjective - التَّــوَابِع(٢)العَطْفُ وَحُروفُهُ

The coordinating particle (bal) and (lākin) - حروف العطف ( بَلْ ، لَكِنْ)

• We are still in lesson seventy nine of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
• In this part we will learn the last two Arabic coordinating particles (بَلْ ، لَكِنْ).
• The Arabic particle (bal بَل):
• This Arabic particle shows the meaning of rectification, i.e. when you say something by mistake or forgetting, then you rectify it, and say another. It equals the English linking word (rather). Consider the following examples:

• It also can be used with the meaning of (but), when you want to verify an information. This happens originally when (بَلْ) is preceded by a negating particle as follows:

• You may notice in the above mentioned examples that the noun after (بَلْ) is a follower, i.e. it follows the preceding noun in the declension case (nominative, accusative or genitive).
• The particle (لَكِنْ):
• This particle has the restrictive meaning (but). Therefore it is originally preceded by a negating particle, as we negate the information related to the preceding word, then we confirm its relation  to the following word. Consider the following example:

• In the above mentioned example we notice that the noun after (لَكِنْ) follows the declension of the preceding noun.
• (لَكِنْ) makes the function of a coordinating particle under a condition that it links nouns, not sentences. If it links sentences, it will be considered an introductive letter in a new sentence.
• Please notice that the coordinating particle (لَكِنْ) which we study in this lesson is different from (لَكِنَّ) with double (nūn) the sister of (inna). (inna) and its sisters are  the annuller particles which fall in the beginning of the nominal sentence (lesson 60).
• Consider the following examples which show the difference between the coordinative, introductive, and annuller particle (لكن):

• Please notice that (لَكِن) contains an Alif which is not written, but it is pronounced, as if it is written لاكِنْ. This is one of the exceptions in Arabic writing that we are supposed to learn in lesson 108 of this course.