Lesson 47 – الدَّرْسُ السَّابِعُ وَالأرْبَعُونَ
Pronouns 4 of 5 –الضَّمَائرُ (٤ من ٥)
Genitive attached pronoun - ضَّمير الجَّرَّ المُتَّصِل
Genitive Attached Pronoun in position of annexed noun
- We are still in lesson forty seven of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
- We learnt before the Arabic annexation structure (الإضافة /al iđâfah), which is compound of two nouns: The first is called annexing (مُضافٌ) and the second is annexed (مُضَافٌ إلَيْهِ). The second noun gives a meaning of specification or possession to the first one.
- Now we are studying this structure while its second part is pronoun, so it is represented as possessive suffix, in place of genitive noun (مَحَلّ جَرّ / maħall ĵarr). In the following table there is the full conjugation of this kind of pronoun:
1- attached pronouns as possessive suffixes:
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| Singular مُفْرَدٌ | Dual مُثَنَّى | Plural جَمْعٌ | |||
| Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine | |
| 3rd. person | ||||||
| 2nd. Person | ||||||
| 1st. person | ||||||
- We learn from the above mentioned table the following:
- Either to be signed with đammah if the noun is ended with đammah or Fatħah, i.e. when the annexing noun is in nominative or in accusative case.
- Or to be signed with Kasrah if the noun is signed with Kasrah, i.e. in genitive case.
- Consider the following examples:
| Grammatical case of the annexing noun | 3rd. S. m. | 3rd. D. | 3rd. Pl. m. | 3rd. Pl. f. | explanation |
| Nominative | This is his book | This is their book | This is their book | This is their book | The letter Hā' of the pronoun is signed with đammah because the preceding letter is signed with đammah (nominative noun) |
| Accusative | He took his book | They took their book | They took their book | They took their book | The hā' is signed with đammah also because the noun ending is signed with fatħah (accusative case) |
| genitive | He read his book | They read their book | They read their book | They read their book | The hā' here is signed with Kasrah because the preceding noun is ended with kasra (genitive case) |
- We also learn from the table of the possessive pronouns that we have only one form for the 1st. person singular pronoun, which is the long vowel (ī ـي). Here we don't need the form (nī نـي) which we used with the verbs and called it (Nūn of protection); because now we are dealing with noun, and it is allowed that the noun be signed with Kasrah, so there is no need to protect it by that (Nūn).
- Study the following examples:
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| Example | Corresponding attached pronoun | Detached pronoun | Type of pronoun |
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| هَذَا صَدِيقِي عُمَر هُو طَبِيبٌ. This is my friend, Umar. He is a doctor. | First person | ||
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| هَذَا بَيْتُنا وَهُوَ بَيْتٌ كَبِيرٌ. This is our house. It is big. | |||
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| هَلْ كَتَبْتَ وَاجِبَكَ يا خَالِدُ؟ Have you done your homework, Khalid? | Second person | ||
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| هَلْ تُحِبِّينَ زَوْجَكِ يا فَاطِمَةُ؟ Do you love you husband, Fatimah? Yes, I love him. | |||
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| What is your home country? Our home country is Egypt. | |||
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| What is your nationality? We are Pakistanis. | |||
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| يا نِساءُ أَطِعْنَ أَزْوَاجَكُنَّ؟ O women, obey your husbands. | |||
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| Is this is Umran’s father? No, this is his uncle. | Third person | ||
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| Is this her mother? No, this is her aunt. | |||
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| هَلْ تَعْرِفُ حَسَّانَ وَصَفْوانَ؟ Do you know Hassan and Safwan? Yes, I am their friend. How are they? هُما بِخَيْرٍ وَالحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ. They are fine, praise be to God. | |||
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| Is this the council of ministers? Yes, this is their council. هَلْ هَذا لِقاؤهُمُ الشَّهْرِيُّ. Is this their monthly meeting? لا، هذَا اِجْتِماعُهُم الأُسْبُوعِي. No, this is their weekly meeting. | |||
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| أَيْن مَلابِسُ البَناتِ وحقائبُهُن؟ Where are the girls’ clothes and bags? مَلابِسُهُنَّ فِي خَزَائِنِهِنَّ، وَحقائبُهُن تَحْتَ سُرُرِهِنَّ. Their clothes are in their closets and their bags and under their beds. |
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- By this point we finish the genitive attached pronoun in position of annexed noun (possessive suffix), so we have to study the other type of genitive attached pronoun after the following exercises.