Lesson 49 – الدَّرْسُ التَّاسِعُ وَالأرْبَعُونَ

The Conditional Sentences - الْجُمَلُ الشَّرْطِيَّة

Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ

• This is lesson forty nine of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
• In this lesson we will study an important type of sentences in Arabic, which is “the conditional sentence” أُسْلُوبُ الشَّرْطِ.
• The Arabic conditional sentence is made up of two clauses. The first clause is dependent on the second. The first action is the direct reason for the second. For example when we say:

• We understand from the example above that the occurrence of the second action “succeed” depends on the first action “study”.
• The conditional sentence in Arabic is made up of three parts:

1. Conditional article.
2. Conditional verb.
3. Answer to the condition, which is the result depending on the condition.

• We will learn the most important element in the conditional sentence that is the conditional article. We will also learn the two types of conditional articles:
• The conditional articles that turn both the conditional verb and its answer into the jussive mood (in which the verb ends with a sukūn vowel-ending), as in the following two examples:

• We will also study the conditional articles that do not turn the verbs of the conditional sentence into jussive, as in the following examples:

• N.B.: it is very important in this lesson to remember that if the past or present verb is ended with Sukūn, and preceded by a word that starts with the definition particle (al) this makes a case of two sukūn coming together, and this is not allowed in Arabic, so the first sukūn has to be changed into Fatħah, đammah, or Kasrah as the following examples:

• So you may see many present verbs in this lesson in jussive case, and many verbs in past tense attached with feminine (tā’) but not ended with Sukūn as the rules, they will be sign ended with Kasrah because they are followed by the particle (al) as follows: