Lesson 37 – الدَّرْسُ السَّابِعُ وَالثَّلاثُونَ

Declension of the Five Verbs – إعْرابُ الأَفْعالِ الخَمْسَةِ

Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ

  • This is lesson thirty seven of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.

Examples:

الْجُمْلَةُ

Sentence

الْفِعْلُ

Verb

الضَّمِيرُ

Pronoun

English

Arabic

People go to the market and buy fruits.

النَّاسُ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى السُّوقِ، وَيَشْتَرُونَ الفَاكِهَةَ.

يَذْهَبُونَ

(They) go

يَشْتَرُونَ

(They) buy

هُمْ

Hum

جَمْعُ الْمُذَكَّرُ

Masc. pl.

You love good and hate evil.

أَنْتُمْ تُحِبُّون الْخَيْرَ، وَتَكْرَهُونَ الشَّرَّ.

تُحِبُّون

(you plural) like

تَكْرَهُونَ

(you plural) hate

أَنْتُمْ

Antum

The two students live in a single city.

الطَّالِبَانِ يَسْكُنَانِ فِي مَدِينَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ.

يَسْكُنَانِ

(They) live

هُمَا

Humā

الْمُثَنَّى

Dual

You are two students studying Quran together.

أنْتُمَا طَالِبتانِ تَدْرُسَانِ القُرْآنَ مَعًا.

تَدْرُسَانِ

(you dual) study

أَنْتُمَا

antumā

You sleep much, Fatima.

أَنْتِ تَنَامِينَ كَثِيرًا يَا فَاطِمَةُ.

تَنَامِينَ

(You feminine) sleep

أَنْتِ

Anti

الْمُفْرَدَةُ الْمُخَاطَبَةُ

2nd person, fem. sing.

 

تَنَامِينَ

تَدْرُسَانِ

يَسْكُنَانِ

تَكْرَهُونَ

الْفِعْلُ

Verb

tanam-īn-a

tadrus-ān-i

yaskun-ān-i

takrah-ūn-a

Translite-ration

sleep

study

live

hate

Meaning

تُحِبُّونَ

يَشْتَرُونَ

يَذْهَبُونَ

الْفِعْلُ

Verb

 

tuhib-ūn-a

yashtar-ūn-a

yadhhab-ūn-a

Translite-ration

 

Love

Buy

go

Meaning

 

 

تَنَامُ

تَدْرُسُ

يَسْكُنُ

Verb

sleep

study

live

Meaning

 

تَكْرَهُ

تُحِبُّ

يَذْهَبُ

Verb

Hate

love

go

Meaning

  • So the declension marks of the Five Verbs are different from the declension marks of the sound or defective verbs.

Workers wake up early and go to work happily

يَسْتَيْقِظُ العُمَّالُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مُبَكِّرينَ، ثُمَّ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى عَمَلِهمْ وَهُمْ سُعَدَاءُ.

They work hard

فَيَعْمَلُونَ بِجِدٍّ وَاِجْتِهادٍ.

They do not neglect in their duty

وَلا يُقَصِّرُونَ فِي وَاجِباتِهمْ.

They know that they do a duty to the community

فَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ وَاجِبًا تِجَاهَ الْمُجْتَمَعِ.

When they come back home, they take rest after an exhausting day

وَحِينَ يَعُودُونَ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ فَإنَّهُمْ يَسْتَرِيحُونَ مِنْ تَعَبِ الْيَوْمِ.

They thank Allah for His help

وَيَشْكُرُونَ اللَّهَ عَلَى الْمُسَاعَدةِ.

 

يَشْكُرُونَ

يَسْتَرِيحُونَ

يَعُودُونَ

يُؤَدُّونَ

Yashkur-ūn-a

Yastarīh-ūn-a

Yaξud-ūn-a

Yu'add-ūn-a

thank

take rest

come back

do

يَعْلَمُونَ

يُقَصِّرُونَ

يَعْمَلُونَ

يَذْهَبُونَ

Ya'lam-ūn-a

Yuqassir-ūn-a

Yaξmal-ūn-a

Yadhhab-ūn-a

Know

neglect

work

Go

1-   In the Rafξ رَفْع case, because they are not preceded by any Naŝb نَصْب particles (أَنْ، لَنْ), Ĵazm جَزْم particles, such as Prohibitive لَمْ ("لَمْ " النَّاهِيَة) or Prohibitive لا ("لا" النَّاهِيَة)

2-   The mark of Rafξ رَفْع of these verbs is the Nūn نُون /-n/ at the end of the verb, while the marks of Naŝb نَصْب and Ĵazm جَزْم is the omission of the Nūn.