Lesson 49 – الدَّرْسُ التَّاسِعُ وَالأرْبَعُونَ
The Conditional Sentences - الْجُمَلُ الشَّرْطِيَّة
Conditional articles that turn the conditional verb into jussive - أدوات الشرط الجازمة
- Let's Continue to learn Arabic through our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course contains Arabic grammar, Arabic syntax, Arabic morphology and more.
- In the previous parts we learnt the components of the Arabic conditional sentence: the conditional article, the conditional verb and the answer to the condition. We also learnt that the verb of the Arabic conditional sentence may be a present verb and sometimes may be past. This also applies to the verb of the answer to the condition. View the following four examples:
| Translation | Conditional sentence |
| If people do their duties, the country (will) progresses and develops. | إنْ يَقُمِ النَّاسُ بِوَاجِبَاتِهِم، تتقَدَّمِ البَلدُ وتَتَطَوَّرْ. |
| He who visits Egypt (will) enjoys its fine weather. | |
| Who respects his professor will be respected by his friends. |
- From the examples above, we notice that the conditional verb may be a present verb in the ĵazm case with a sukūn vowel-ending, or an indeclinable past verb in a virtual ĵazm case. This is because the conditional article is a ĵazm one.
- We will discuss this last point in this part. We will get to know the conditional ĵazm articles.
- There are 21 conditional ĵazm articles, including three particle إنْ – إذْما - أمَّا. All the other articles are nouns, each of which has a meaning as in the following table:
| Picture | Translation | Example | Meaning | Article |
|
| If you study your lessons, you (will) succeed. | “if” | ||
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| Anyone who steals (shall) goes to prison. | “Man” (any one) is used for animate, it means “anyone” | ||
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| Any money you spend on the poor, you will get more in return. | ما تُنْفِقْ مِنْ مالٍ للْفُقْراء، تُرْزَقْ بَأَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ. | “mā” (any …) is used for inanimate, it means “any (thing)” | |
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| For any good deeds you do, you will be rewarded. | “mahmā” (no matter what) is used for inanimate, it means “anything” | ||
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| Whenever you punish the student, he gets more violent. | “mattā” (whenever) indicates time. It means “at any time/ whenever” | ||
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| Whenever you feel pain, you visit the doctor. | “ayyāna” It indicates time. It means “at any time/whenever” | ||
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| Wherever Muhammad meets his teacher, he greets him. | “Aynamā” (wherever) indicates place. It means “in any place/ wherever” | ||
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| Wherever Khalid travels, he goes shopping. | “ħaythumā” (wherever) indicates place. It means “in any place/ wherever” | ||
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| Wherever you hear the call to prayers, you should pray. | “annā” (wherever) indicates place. It also means “in any place” | ||
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| Anything that hurts you, you should be aware of. | “Ay” (any …) its meaning is determined in accordance with the noun annexed to it. |
