Lesson 91 – الدَّرْسُ الحَادِي وَالتِّسْعُونَ
The Morphologic Measurement - الْمِيزانُ الصَّرْفِيُّ
Patterns of the three letters root verb – أَوْزَانُ الفِعْلِ الثُّلَاثِيّ
- We are still in lesson ninty one of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
- We learnt in the introduction of this lesson, that the Arabic morphologists use the three letters (فعل FaƐala) to determine the patterns of all Arabic words. If we morphologically study the verb (كَتَبَ He wrote), we have to know that the letter (ك) represents the (ف fa) of the measure, the letter (ت) represents the (عƐa), and the letter (ب) represents the (ل la) as shown below:
- Therefore, any change in the word (كتب) must be represented with a similar change in the morphological measurement, as it’s shown below (please, read the Arabic words from right to left):
Word | خَـرَجَ Went out | Word | دَخَـلَ Entered | ||||
Letters | Letters | ||||||
Pattern | Pattern | ||||||
Word | فَـهِـمَ Understand | Word | شَـرِبَ Drank | ||||
Letters | Letters | ||||||
Pattern | Pattern | ||||||
Word | سَـأَلَ Asked | Word | وَعَـد Promised | ||||
Letters | Letters | ||||||
Pattern | Pattern | ||||||
Word | كَـمُـلَ Completed | Word | عَـظُـمَ Was great | ||||
Letters | Letters | ||||||
Pattern | Pattern | ||||||
Word | كُـسِـرَ Was broken | Word | صُـعِـقَ Was shocked | ||||
Letters | Letters | ||||||
Pattern | Pattern |
- The above mentioned table shows how we weigh each verb and put it on the correct pattern with the help of the morphological measurement. The above mentioned examples are all belong to the “abstract” type of verbs. However, there are some verbs consist of more than three letters, although their root consists only of three letters. These verbs are considered “augmented” in Arabic morphology. These verbs could be augmented with one, two, or three letters as follows:
1- The three letters root verb augmented with one letter. This type of verbs comes in various patterns as follows:
(1) Verbs of pattern AfƐala أفْعَل | (2) Verbs of pattern FaaƐala فاعَل | (3) Verbs of pattern FaƐƐala فعَّل | |||
Arabic verb | English meaning | Arabic verb | English meaning | Arabic verb | English meaning |
Be generous with | Fight | Teach | |||
Provide accommodation | Participate | Teach | |||
Bring | Compete | Make smbdy understand | |||
Excess | Race | Encourage | |||
Come | Embrace | Record | |||
Get smbdy out | Struggle | Realize |
2- The three letters root verb augmented with two letters. This type of verbs comes in various patterns as follows:
(1) Verbs of pattern InfaƐala انْفَعَل | (2) Verbs of pattern IftaƐala افْتَعَل | (3) Verbs of pattern TafaaƐala تَفَاعَل | (4) Verbs of pattern TafaƐƐala تَفَعَّلَ | (5) Verbs of pattern IfƐalla اِفْعَلَّ | |||||
Verb | Meaning | Verb | Meaning | Verb | Meaning | Verb | Meaning | Verb | Meaning |
Be broken | Come near | Attract each other | Progress | Become red | |||||
Burst | Communicate | Quarrel | Learn | Become green | |||||
Split asunder | Go far | Spatter | Feel proud badly | Become black | |||||
Bias | Gain | Ignore | Be incouraged | Become white |
3- The three letters root verb augmented with three letters. This type of verbs comes in various patterns. One of these patterns is the famous one below:
Verbs of pattern IstafƐala اِسْـتَـفْـعَـلَ – YastafƐil يَسْتَفْعِل | ||
Verb | Present form | Meaning |
Extract | ||
Use | ||
Receive | ||
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