Lesson 52 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّاني وَالْخَمْسُونَ
The manqūŝ Noun الاسـم المَنْقُوص
Omission of the Manqūŝ's Long yā' - حَذْفُ ياءِ المَنْقُوصِ وَبَقاؤُها
- We are still in lesson fifty two of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
- Sometimes the long yā' of the manqūŝ noun is omitted. The long yā' at the end of the manqūŝ noun is a long vowel preceded by a kasrah. The long yā' is also a defective (or week) letter حَرْف عِلّة /ħarf ξillah/ and so it may be omitted in certain cases.
Conditions of maintaining the yā' in the manqūŝ noun: - The manqūŝ noun is prefixed by the definite letters ال /al-/: such as الدَّاعِي /al-dāξī/, القَاضِي /al-qâđī/, الغَالِي /al-ghâlī/ and النادِي /al-nādī/ in the following examples:
| Transliteration | Translation | Example |
| /al-dāξī/ | The one who calls for good is like the one who does it | |
| /al-qâđī/ | The judge sentenced the murderer to death | |
| /al-ghâlī/ | An expensive thing is of high quality | |
| /al-nādī/ | I'm a member in this sports club |
- The manqūŝ noun is مُضاف /muđâf/ (annexing): such as بانِي /bānī/, حَامِي /ħāmī/, قَاضِي /qādī/ and غَالِي /ghâlī/ in the following examples:
| Picture | Transliteration | Translation | Example |
|
| /bānī/ | The builder of the house is a highly experience engineer | |
|
| /ħāmī/ | The father is the leader and guardian of the family | |
|
| /qâdī/ | The city's judge attended the city's festival | |
|
| /ghâlī/ | This garment is expensive |
- The long yā' is not omitted from all the above manqūŝ nouns because they are all مُضاف (annexing) and the following nouns are مُضاف إليه /muđâf ilayh/ (the noun comes after an annexing noun and they are inseparable)
- The manqūŝ noun is in the accusative case, with the fathah (ــَ) as its diacritical sign, such as
| Transliteration | Translation | Example |
| /qâđi-ya/ | I saw the city's judge | |
| /bāni-ya/ | I shook hand with the house's builder |
- In this case (Nasb, with case-ending Fathah "ـَ" /-a/) the long yā' remains in the Manqūŝ Noun even in the absence of the first two conditions: being prefixed by ال or being annexed to the next noun. Study the following examples:
| Translation | Transliteration | Example |
| I want to work as judge | urīd-u an aξmal-a qâđi- ian | |
| I saw a cruel man today | ra'ayt-u al-yawm-a raĵul-an qâsi-ian | |
| I bought today an expensive garment | ishtaryt-u al-yawm-a thawb-an ghâli-ian |
- Note: the Manqūŝ nouns in the above examples end with a tanwīn Fathah (ـً) /-an/ because they are نَكِرَة /nakirah/ (indefinite) and not مُضَاف /muđâf/ (annexing).
- Cases of omitting the yā' of the Manqūŝ Noun:
- The cases of omitting the yā' of the Manqūŝ Noun are the opposite of the cases of keeping it:
1-Not including definite ال /-al/
2-Not annexing noun مُضاف
3-Not in the accusative case [Nasb نَصْب case with fatħah "ـَ" - All of the above three conditions are a must to omit the long yā' of the Manqūŝ Noun. Study the following examples:
| Translation | Example | Declension sign | Declension case | Noun |
| You always make efforts in good | الضمة المقدرة على الياء المحذوفة The virtual đammah on the omitted yā’ | Nominative | /sāξin/ | |
| What an expensive garment | الكسرة المقدرة على الياء المحذوفة The virtual kasrah on the omitted yā’ | Genitive | /ghâlin/ | |
| What a tall house | الكسرة المقدرة على الياء المحذوفة The virtual kasrah on the omitted yā’ | Genitive | /ξālin/ | |
| Many nights have passed while we are afraid | الضمة المقدرة على الياء المحذوفة The virtual đammah on the omitted yā’ | Nominative | /layālin/ | |
| Good remains and evils vanishes | الضمة المقدرة على الياء المحذوفة The virtual đammah on the omitted yā’ | Nominative | /bāqin/ |
- Notes:
1-The tanwīn Kasrah /-in/ (ـٍ) in the Manqūŝ nouns ساعٍ, لَيَالٍ, and بَاقٍ makes up for the long yā', which is not omitted in the words.
2-The đammah on words ساعٍ, لَيَالٍ, and بَاقٍ is difficult to pronounce, so the tanwīn Kasrah makes up for the long yā' in Manqūŝ nouns