Lesson 71 – الدَّرْسُ الحادِي والسَّبْعونَ
The status - الْحَال
The condition of the status and the concerned noun - شُرُوطُ الْحالِ وصاحِبِه
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- In the Arabic sentence which contains a status there are three main parts as in the following example:
| English | Arabic |
| Tariq returned riding | /raĵaξa ŧârikun râkiban/ |
- In the above mentioned sentence there are three main parts as follows:
1- A complete verb (i.e. not deficient verb as the annullers, because the sentence after the annuller verbs remains a nominal sentence). You may notice the complete verb above (رَجَعَ).
2- The concerned noun (طَارِقٌ) which is described by the status. This noun can be the doer, the object, or a genitive noun.
3- The status (رَاكِبًا) which describes the concerned noun during the action of the verb.
The conditions of the status:
1- If the status is a single noun, it has to be indefinite, as follows:
| Picture | The status | English meaning | Example |
|
| I came from Egypt happy | /raĵaξtu min miŝra saξīdan/ | |
|
| I went to the exam optimist | ذَهَبْتُ إلى الاِمْتِحانِ مُتَفَائِلاً /dhahabtu ilā alimtiħani mutafā’ilan/ | |
|
| The worker went out of the factory disabled | خَرَجَ العَامِلُ مِنَ الْمَصْنَعِ عاجِزًا /kharaĵa al ξāmilu min al maŝnaξi ξāĵizan/ |
- If the status is a sentence, it has to contain a pronoun referring to the concerned noun and relating the status sentence to the bigger sentence, as in the following example:
| The pronoun | The status | English meaning | Example |
| Latent pronoun (he) | The player went out of the match thanking the viewers | خَرَجَ اللاعِبُ مِنَ المُباراةِ يَشْكُرُ الْجُمْهُورَ /kharaĵa al lāξibu min al mubārâti yashkuru al ĵumhūra/ | |
| Latent pronoun (he) | And the trainer went out complaining the referees | وَخَرَجَ المُدَرِّبُ يَشْكُو الْحُكَّامَ /wa kharaĵa al mudarribu yashkū al ħukkāma/ | |
| Attached pronoun (و) | And the referees went out laughing | وَخَرَجَ الْحُكَّامُ يَضْحَكُونَ /wa kharaĵa al ħukkāmu yađħakūna/ |
2- The status has to follow the concerned noun in the gender and the number (but it doesn’t follow it neither in the grammatical case nor in the definition, because the status is always in the accusative case and always indefinite). Consider the following example:
| English | Arabic |
| Khalid entered the city riding | دَخَل خالِدٌ المَدِينَةَ راكِبًا /dakhala khâlidun al madīnata râkiban/ |
- The status in the above mentioned example (راكِبًا) follows the concerned noun (خالِدٌ) in the gender and number (masculine singular), but it is different in definition and grammatical case.
The conditions of the concerned noun:
1- It has to be, originally, a definite noun. You may notice this condition in all the above mentioned examples. But there is an exception of this rule, when the concerned noun is specified by a questioning, negation, annexation, description, etc. as in the following examples:
| The cause of the indefinition | The concerned noun | English meaning | Example |
| Specified by a questioning | Did anyone come happy? | /hal ħađara aħadun saξīdan/ | |
| Specified by a negation | No, no one came happy | لا، لَمْ يَحْضُرْ أَحَدٌ سَعِيدًا /lā lam yaħđuru aħadun saξīdan/ | |
| Specified by a questioning | How many students came riding | /kam ŧâliban ĵā’a râkiban/ | |
| The advance of the status | Two students came riding, and one student came walking | رَاكِبًا جاءَ طالِبانِ، وماشِيًا جاءَ طالِبٌ /râkiban ĵā’a ŧâlibāni wa māshiyan ĵā’a ŧâlibun/ | |
| Specified by the annexation | Six men fell injured in the battle | سَقَطَ فِي المَعْرَكَةِ سِتَّةُ رِجالٍ جَرْحَى /saqaŧa fī al maξrakati sittatu riĵālin ĵarħā/ | |
| Specified by the descriptive noun (adjective) | An intimate friend came asking my help | جاءَنِي صَدِيقٌ حَمِيمٌ طالِبًا مُسَاعَدَتِي /ĵā’anī ŝadīqun ħamīmun ŧâliban musāξadatī/ |
- The above mentioned table shows the exceptional cases in which the concerned noun can be indefinite.