Lesson 63 – الدَّرْسُ الثّالِثُ والسِّتُّونَ

Transitive verbs over two objects/đhanna/ and its sisters - الأفعال التي تَنْصِب مَفْعُولَيْنِ "ظَــنَّ، وَأَخَوَاتُـها"

Verbs of Transformation – (أَفعالُ التَّحْوِيلِ)

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  • We will now cover the second type of verb falling under /đhanna/ and its sisters, which are the Arabic Verbs of Transformation أفعالُ التَّحْوِيلِ وَالصَّيْرُورةِ /afξāl al-taħwīl or ŝayrūrah/ (which denote change or transformation from one state to another). Like /đhanna/ and its sisters, when one of these verbs is used with an Arabic nominal sentence, it changes the subject and the predicate into two objects, but the difference is the transformation from one state to another. To elaborate, consider this example:

الكِتابُ صَدِيقٌ

The book is a friend

  • Literally speaking, this doesn’t make much sense but when you say:

اِتَّخَذَ الطَّالِبُ الكِتَابَ صَدِيقًا

The student has taken the book as a friend

  • the meaning changed and the state of the first sentence transformed, i.e. the "book" was not a friend of the student, but he took it as a friend.
  • Consider the following examples:
  • All these verbs are used with a nominal sentence to change it into a verbal one: the subject of the nominal sentence changes into first object and the predicate into second object in the verbal sentence, provided that these verbs indicate transformation. The condition under which these verbs are among /đhanna’s/ sisters is that they should indicate transformation or change from one state to another; otherwise they are ordinary verbs like the following:

Picture

Example

Verb

English

Arabic

English

Arabic

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Allah has made man honorable

جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الإنْسَانَ كَرِيمًا

to create

جَعَلَ

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My father left a lot of money to us

تَرَكَ أَبِي لَنَا مَالاً كَثِيرًا

to bequeath, leave

تَرَكَ

  • The two verbs above جَعَلَ and تَرَكَ are not among /đhanna’s/ sisters, because they do not denote change, which is an essential condition to change the subject and predicate of the nominal sentence into two objects.