Lesson 90 – الدَّرْسُ التِّسْعُونَ
Introduction to Morphology - مُقَدِّمةٌ لِعِلْمِ الصَّرْفِ
The relation between syntax and morphology –عَلَاقَةُ عِلْمِ الصَّرْفِ بِعِلْمِ النَّحْوِ
- Let's Continue to learn Arabic through our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course contains Arabic grammar, Arabic syntax, Arabic morphology and more.
- The Arabic grammar consists of two inseparable parts; Arabic syntax and Arabic morphology. Syntax studies the structural functions of the words in sentence, while morphology studies the forms of the separate words.
- For example, syntax studies the noun محمد Muhammad in the following sentences:
| Example | Syntactical analysis | ||
| Arabic | English | Function | Case |
| Muhammad got up early. | Doer (agent) | Nominative | |
| Muhammad has been stolen in the train. | The pro-agent | Nominative | |
| Muhammad is hardworking man. | Subject | Nominative | |
| Muhammad was professor. | Noun of Kaana | Nominative | |
| He, who has been stolen is Muhammad. | Predicate of Inna | Nominative | |
| Muhammad was about to sleep. | Noun of Kaada | Nominative | |
| I helped Muhammad in work. | Object | Accusative | |
| I’ve known that the stolen was Muhammad. | Second object | Accusative | |
| The stolen was Muhammad. | Predicate of Kaana | Accusative | |
| Indeed, Muhammad is a hardworking student. | Noun of Inna | Accusative | |
| I thought you are Muhammad. | Second object | Accusative | |
| I’ve taken the book from Muhammad. | Genitive noun | Genitive | |
| This is the book of Muhammad. | Annexed noun | Genitive | |
| This is the book of the student Muhammad. | Substitution | Genitive | |
- Morphology helps syntax detecting the proper grammatical sign according the form or the morphologic pattern of each word.
- Consider the following examples:
| Nominative sign | Dammah | Waaw | Alif | The existence of Nuun |
| Morphological case | Singular noun | Sound masculine plural | Dual | Five verbs |
| Example | ||||
| English meaning | The engineer attended. | The engineers attended. | The two engineers attended. | The students travel every year. |
- All these topics any many more will be studied in morphology lessons which will follow In-Shaa’-Allah.