Lesson 77 – الدَّرْسُ السَّابِعُ والسَّبْعونَ

Types of Prepositions - أَقْسام حُرُوف الْجَرِّ

The augmented preposition - حَرْفُ الْجَرِّ الزَّائِدِ

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  • The Arabic augmented preposition has no certain meaning in the sentence, it is rather added to the structure for purpose of confirmation (assurance), so that if we drop it from the context the essential meaning will not be affected, but the meaning will not be confirmed (assured). Consider the following examples:

Declension of the noun after the preposition

Example

English

Arabic

A doer of the verb, in a place of nominative case, but it is in actual genitive case

Nobody came to us

ما جاءَنا مِنْ أَحَدٍ

A predicate of (laysa) in a place of accusative case, but it is in actual genitive case

This is not a good comportment

لَيْسَ هَذَا بِسِلُوكٍ طَيِّبٍ

A direct object, in a place of accusative case, but it is in actual genitive case

I didn’t see (any) student in the class

ما رَأَيْتُ مِنْ طالِبٍ فِي الْفَصْلِ
  • In the above mentioned examples you may notice that the preposition does not affect the general meaning of the structure, and it gives the meaning more confirmation (assurance).
  • The noun after the preposition in the above mentioned examples is in the genitive case because of the preposition, while it keeps virtually its grammatical type and function without the preposition.
  • The three above mentioned examples were supposed to be (if not confirmed by the preposition) as follows:

Declension

Example

English

Arabic

The agent (doer) of the verb

Nobody came to us

ما جاءَنا أَحَدٌ

The predicate of /laysa/

This is not a good comportment

لَيْسَ هَذَا سِلُوكًا طَيِّبًا

The direct object

I didn’t see  a student in the class

ما رَأَيْتُ طالِبًا فِي الْفَصْلِ
  • We now clearly understand that the augmented preposition affects the declension of the following noun, and it is able to be removed from the sentence without changing the essential meaning.