Lesson 38 – الدَّرْسُ الثَّامِنُ وَالثَّلاثُونَ
Indeclension of the present Verb – بِنَاءُ الْفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ
The present verb when indeclinable on Fatħah –بِناءُ الفِعْلِ الْمُضَارِعِ عَلَى الْفَتْحَةِ
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- The second case (in which the Arabic present verb is indeclinable) occurs when it is attached (directly) to Noon of confirmation (نُونُ التَّوْكِيدِ). The Noon of confirmation is different from Noon of feminine plural (نُونُ النِّسْوَةِ) in two important aspects:
- The Noon of feminine plural is sign with Fatħa, while the Noon of confirmation is signed with Shaddah and Fatħah. Consider the following examples:
| Verb with Noon of feminine plural | Verb with Noon of confirmation | ||
| English | Arabic | English | Arabic |
| They (fem.) think | Indeed, don’t think | ||
- The second difference between Noon of feminine plural and the Noon of confirmation is the meaning; the first is a pronoun referring to (they, feminine plural), while the second gives the sentence a meaning of certainty or confirmation. Consider the following examples:
| Verb with Noon of feminine plural | Verb with Noon of confirmation | ||
| The female students don’t think that the teacher is absent | Indeed, don’t think that Allaah is unaware of what the wrong-doers do. | ||
- When the present verb is attached (directly) to the Noon of confirmation it should be indeclinable on Fatħa. Consider the following examples:
| Arabic | English |
| Indeed, the student must write the lesson | |
| Indeed, the student must get up early | |
| Indeed, the child must listen to his father’s advice | |
| Indeed, people must follow the right | |
| لَيُطِيعَنَّ الطَّالِبُ أُسْتَاذَهُ أو لَيفْشَلَنَّ فِي دِراسَتِهِ | Indeed, the student must obey his professor, otherwise he will fail in his study |
- The following table summarizes the verbs used in the sentences above:
| Verb | ||||
| Indeed, he will fail | Indeed, he should obey | Indeed, he should follow | Indeed, he should write | Meaning |
- We notice that each verb in the above mentioned table consists of three parts as follows:
| Components | Verb | ||
| The Noon of confirmation | The present form | Laam of confirmation | |
- In this structure, it is not obligatory to put Laam of confirmationلامُ التَّوْكِيد in the front of each verb, rather we can put the prohibitive Laa لا النَّاهِيَة, negating Laa لا النَّافِية or any similar particle. The general rule is that we don’t use The Noon of confirmation نونُ التَّوْكِيدِ without any particle (negating, prohibiting, questioning or requesting) as we will learn soon in this lesson.
- The direct attachment between the present verb and The Noon of confirmation نونُ التَّوْكِيدِ causes the present verb to be indeclinable on Fatħa, i.e. the verb has to be signed with Fatħa in all three grammatical cases (indicative, accusative, and nominative). Therefore the accusative particles (as أنْ، لَنْ) and the jussive particles (as لَمْ، لا النَّاهية) don’t affect the verb in this case.
- Consider the following examples:
| Arabic | English |
| Indeed, I will not play with you (anymore) after today | |
| Indeed, I will not go to the market today | |
| O, Muhammad, indeed, don’t get out of your home today |
- We notice that the verbs in the examples mentioned above are respectively (أَلْعَبَنَّ، أذْهَبَنَّ، تَخْرُجَنَّ). Each verb is signed with Fatħa on its ending, regardless the preceding accusative or jussive particles.