Lesson 81 – الدَّرْسُ الحادِي والثَّمانون
The followers (4) The confirmative - التَّــوَابِع (٤) الـتَّـوْكِيد
Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ
- This is lesson eighty one of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
- We learnt in lesson 78 that there are four types of followers in Arabic. The Arabic follower is the part of the sentence which follows the preceding part in the declension case, i.e. it takes the same declension case of the followed part (nominative, accusative, or genitive). Sometimes the follower takes also the same gender, number and definition of the followed noun.
- The three followers which we covered so far are as follows:
1- The adjective:
- We learnt in lesson 78 that the real adjective follows the described noun in four things (declension, gender, number, and definition). Consider the following examples (for revision purpose):
| Example | The rule | ||
| English | Arabic | Explanation | Accordance |
| The hardworking student attended | The real adjective has to take the same declension case of the described noun | Declension case | |
| I helped the hardworking student | |||
| I will go with the hardworking student | |||
| The generous man died | The real adjective follows the described noun in gender (feminine or masculine) | Gender | |
| The generous woman died | |||
| This is a beautiful book | The real adjective follows the described noun in the number (being singular, dual or plural) | Number | |
| These are two big houses | |||
| These are old students | |||
| These are old female students | |||
| On the desk there is a beautiful book | The real adjective follows the described noun in definition (i.e. being definite or indefinite) | Definition | |
| The beautiful book is on the desk | |||
2- The coordinated noun:
- We learnt in lesson 79 that the coordinated noun follows the preceding noun in the declension only, and it falls after a coordination particle (حَرْف عَطْف), which links it to the preceding noun. Consider the following revision example:
| English | Arabic |
| Muhammad and Ali attended |
3- The substitute:
- We learnt in lesson 80 that the substitute follows the substituted for in the declension only, and that it falls after it without any particle, and it is originally meant in the sentence when we mention the substituted for. Consider the following revision example:
| English | Arabic |
| The student Muhammad came |
- In this lesson we will study the fourth and the last Arabic follower, which is the confirmative (التَّوْكيد), In-Shaa’-Allaah (God willing).
- The confirmative is the follower which affirms the reality of its followed noun, by repeating its pronunciation (oral confirmative), or by repeating its meaning (moral confirmative). Consider the following examples:
| Example | Type | |
| English | Arabic | |
| The student, the student came | Oral confirmative | |
| The student came himself | Moral confirmative | |
- In the first example the followed noun (الطَّالِبُ) is in the nominative case, because it is the doer of the verb, while the repeated noun (الطَّالِبُ) is an oral confirmative, so it is in the same nominative case.
- In the second example the word (نفْسُهُ) is a moral confirmative, so it takes the same declension case of the followed noun (الطَّالِبُ).
- In this lesson we will learn the two types of the confirmative, and we will study its rules, and how to distinguish it from the other three previous followers, In-Shaa’-Allaah (God willing).