Lesson 37 – الدَّرْسُ السَّابِعُ وَالثَّلاثُونَ
Declension of the Five Verbs – إعْرابُ الأَفْعالِ الخَمْسَةِ
Introduction - مُقَدِّمَةٌ
- This is lesson thirty seven of our free Arabic language course. This Arabic course with images and audios will help you learn Arabic.
- As we learnt in Lesson 35, the Arabic Five Verbs الأفْعَال الخَمْسَة are any present verb suffixed by أَلِف الاثْنَيْن alif al-ithnayn (dual alif suffix) /-ān/, وَاو الْجَمَاعَة wāw al-ĵamāξah (masculine plural wāw suffix) /-ūn/ or /-īn/, or يَاء الْمُخَاطَبَة yā' al-mukhâŧabah (second person feminine singular yā’ suffix) /-īn/.
Examples:
| Sentence | Verb | Pronoun | ||
| English | Arabic | |||
| People go to the market and buy fruits. | النَّاسُ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى السُّوقِ، وَيَشْتَرُونَ الفَاكِهَةَ. | (They) go (They) buy | Hum | Masc. pl. |
| You love good and hate evil. | (you plural) like (you plural) hate | Antum | ||
| The two students live in a single city. | (They) live | Humā | Dual | |
| You are two students studying Quran together. | (you dual) study | antumā | ||
| You sleep much, Fatima. | (You feminine) sleep | Anti | 2nd person, fem. sing. | |
| Verb | |||||
| tanam-īn-a | tadrus-ān-i | yaskun-ān-i | takrah-ūn-a | Translite-ration | |
| sleep | study | live | hate | Meaning | |
| Verb | |||||
| tuhib-ūn-a | yashtar-ūn-a | yadhhab-ūn-a | Translite-ration | ||
| Love | Buy | go | Meaning | ||
- All the above verbs end with ـونَ (-ūn), ـانِ (-ān) and ـينَ (-īn) and that is why the declension marks or vowels of declensionحَرَكَاتُ الإِعْرَابِ (đammah, fatħah and sukūn) do not appear on the case-ending of these verbs.
- So the declension marks of the Five Verbs are different from the declension marks of the sound or defective verbs.
| Workers wake up early and go to work happily | |
| They work hard | |
| They do not neglect in their duty | |
| They know that they do a duty to the community | فَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ وَاجِبًا تِجَاهَ الْمُجْتَمَعِ. |
| When they come back home, they take rest after an exhausting day | وَحِينَ يَعُودُونَ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ فَإنَّهُمْ يَسْتَرِيحُونَ مِنْ تَعَبِ الْيَوْمِ. |
| They thank Allah for His help |
| Yashkur-ūn-a | Yastarīh-ūn-a | Yaξud-ūn-a | Yu'add-ūn-a |
| thank | take rest | come back | do |
| Ya'lam-ūn-a | Yuqassir-ūn-a | Yaξmal-ūn-a | Yadhhab-ūn-a |
| Know | neglect | work | Go |
1- In the Rafξ رَفْع case, because they are not preceded by any Naŝb نَصْب particles (أَنْ، لَنْ), Ĵazm جَزْم particles, such as Prohibitive لَمْ ("لَمْ " النَّاهِيَة) or Prohibitive لا ("لا" النَّاهِيَة)
2- The mark of Rafξ رَفْع of these verbs is the Nūn نُون /-n/ at the end of the verb, while the marks of Naŝb نَصْب and Ĵazm جَزْم is the omission of the Nūn.