- The second case of the present verb is Naŝb نَصْبٌ, i.e. the case-ending of the last letter is Fatħah فَتْحَةٌ (ـَـ), which is pronounced /-a/. Consider the following examples:
|
Verb |
||||
|
Yanām-a |
nakhruĵ-a |
Yantasir-a |
Yadhīξ-a |
Transliteration |
|
to sleep |
to go out |
to prevail |
to be lost |
Meaning |
- The Naŝb نَصْبُ case of the present verb has two conditions:
- The present verb is preceded by the Negative Lan "لَنْ" النَّافِيَةِ [see Lesson 31], which negates the occurring the present verb in the future. The Negative Lan changes the present verb case from Rafξ to Naŝb. So it is a Naŝb particle أَدَاةُ نَصْبٍ. Consider the following examples:
|
Translation |
Transliteration |
Example |
|
No right will be lost if there is a claimer |
Lan yadhīξ-a ħaqqun warā'ahu muŧâlib |
|
|
Evil will never prevail over good |
Lan yantaŝir-a al-sharru ξala al-khairi abadan |
|
|
We will not go out of the home until it stops rain |
Lan nakhruĵ-a min al-baiti ħattan yantahi al-maŧaru |
|
|
The child will not sleep until he stops crying |
Lan yanām-a al-ŧiflu hatta yakuffa ξan al-bukā'i |
|
Translation |
Transliteration |
Example |
|
I like Egypt and want to live there |
Ana uhibbu misra wa urīdu an aξīsh-a hunaka |
|
|
I want to study Arabic |
Urīdu an adrus-a al-lughata al-ξarabiyata |
|
|
The teacher asks his student to write down the lesson |
Yatlubu al-ustāzhu min al-tālibi an yaktub-a ad-darsa |
يَطْلُبُ الأُسْتَاذُ مِنْ الطَّالِبِ أَنْ يَكْتُبَ الدَّرْسَ |
|
And read much |
Wa an yaqra'-a kathīran |
|
|
And this is help me to learn faster |
Wa hāzha yusāξiduni an ataξallam-a bisurξatin |
- The previous examples have the following verbs and below each is its gerund مَصْدرٍ:
|
Verb infinitive preceded by “an” |
||||
|
an ataξallam-a |
an yaqra'-a |
an yaktub-a |
an adrus-a |
Transliteration |
|
To learn |
To read |
To write |
To study |
Translation |
|
Gerund of the verb |
||||
|
Taξallum |
Qirā'ah |
Kitābah |
Dirāsah |
Transliteration |
|
Learning |
Reading |
Writing |
Studying |
Meaning |
- From the previous examples we can make the gerund from particle أَنْ plus the present verb:
|
Transliteration |
Example |
|
Ana uhibbu misra wa urīdu al-ξaysha hunāka |
|
|
Urīdu dirāsata al-lughata al-ξarabiyata |
|
|
Yatlubu al-ustāzhu min al-tālibi kitābata al-darsa |
|
|
Wa al-qirā'ata kathīran |
|
|
Wa hādha yusāξiduni ala at-taξalumi bisurξatin |