In this lesson we will Insha Allah learn the formation of a new clause called "الْمُرَكَّبُ الْتَوْصِيْفِي" in Arabic and "The Adjective Clause" in English.

In Arabic the adjective is called either "Na'at" نَعَتٌ or the "As-siffa" الْصِّفَةُ, and the noun it qualifies is called "Man'oot مَنْعُوْتٌ or the "Al-mousoof" الْمَوْصُوْفُ and the clause thus formed is called either الْنَعَتُ وَالْمَنْعُوْتُ or الْمُرَكَّبُ الْتَّوْصِيْفِي. We will also learn the rules for the formation of the Adjective Clause.

Following are the rules pertained for the formation of the adjective clause:

• In English language when we want to describe a noun we say for example, "Good boy"  or "Lazy student" etc. - i.e., the adjective comes before the noun. However in Arabic the word being used for the description (adjective) comes after the noun, e.g.,  وَلَدٌ جَيِّدٌ or طَالِبٌ كَسْلاَنُ if translated linguistically it means "Boy good" or "student lazy" but literally it means "Good boy" or "Lazy student".

Translation	Transliteration	مُرَكَّبْ الْتَّوْصِيْفِي
A dirty handkerchief	Mindeelun Wasikhun	مِنْدِيْلٌ وَسِخٌ
An intelligent student	Talibatun Dhakiyatun	طَالِبَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ

• The adjectives that express feelings normally end with (-an) and bear no tanwin on their ending letters e.g.,

English	Arabic
Thirsty	عَطْشَانُ
Hungry	جَوْعَانُ
Full	مَلآنُ
Angry	غَضْبَانُ
Happy	فَرْحَانُ

• The adjective always follows the noun for which it is qualifying in gender. The adjective of a masculine noun is masculine and that of a feminine noun is feminine and can not be otherwise e.g., we say     وَلَدٌ صَغِيْرٌ meaning A young boy and بِنْتٌ صَغِيْرَةٌ meaning A young girl. 

• Both the adjective and the noun are either definite or indefinite. Therefore if the noun is definite the adjective which is qualifying for the noun will also be definite e.g., الْمَكْتَبُ الْقَدِيْمُ meaning "The old table" and when the noun is indefinite the adjective will also be indefinite e.g., كِتَابٌ جَدِيْدٌ meaning "A new book". 

• The adjective also has the same case as the noun i.e., if the noun is in the nominative case the adjective will also be in the nominative case e.g., الْدَّرْسُ الْصَّعَبُ meaning "The difficult lesson", if the noun is in the accusative case the adjective will also be in the accusative case and if the noun is in the genitive case the adjective will also be in the genitive case e.g.,

 ذَهَبَ أحْمَدٌ إلِى صَدِيْقٍ مَرِيْضٍ Ahmad went to an ill friend.