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In this part of lesson we will Insha Allah learn a new concept of the Arabic Grammar. You have already learned that in Arabic language the words take different cases i.e., nominative (dhamma/dhammatain), accusative (fatha/fathatain) or genitive (kasra/kasratain) on their last letter. A word takes single case when it appears with the definite article al and double case when it is without the definite article al.
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There are certain words however which have to indicate their function therefore they do not change their case and maintain their vowel ending. The words which do not change their vowel endings in order to indicate their function are called indeclinable words and have to remain unchanged.
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The following are few examples of the indeclinable words:
| Rule | Translation |
(The Indeclinable Words) |
| The interrogative articles are indeclinable | 1. Who | ۱. مَنْ |
| 2. Where | ۲. أَيْنَ | |
| 3. What | ٣. مَاذا | |
| The directing words are indeclinable | 1. This (masculine) | ۱. هَذا |
| 2. That (masculine) | ۲. ذَلِكَ | |
| 3. This (feminine) | ٣. هَذهِ | |
| The prepositions are mostly indeclinable | 1. On | ۱. عَلى |
| 2. In | ۲. فِيْ | |
| 3. To | ٣. إلَى | |
| Most of the pronouns are indeclinable | 1. He | ۱. هُوَ |
| 2. She | ۲. هِيَ | |
| 3. You | ٣. أَنْتَ |
- The indeclinable words do not take different cases for different causes and do not take tanween as well.
| Arabic: | Translation: | Picture: |
| هَذا رَجُلٌ | This is a man |
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| مَنْ أَنْتَ؟ | Who are you? |
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| حَقِيْبَةُ مَنْ هَذِهِ؟ | Whose bag is this? |
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| هَذِهِ بَطَّةٌ | This is a duck |
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| أَيْنَ الأَسَدُ؟ | Where is the lion? |
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| مَاذا عَلى الْمَكْتَبِ؟ | What is on the desk |
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| الْمُدَرِّسُ أَمَامَ طُلابٍ | The teacher is in front of students |
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Read the following sentences carefully while taking particular care of the vowel endings:
| Arabic: | English: |
| أَيْنَ بَيْتُ الْمُدَرِّسِ؟ | Where
is the teacher's house?
It is far away |
| الْقُرآنُ كِتَابُ اللهِ | The Quraan is the book of Allah |
| الْكَعْبَةُ بَيْتُ اللهِ | The Ka'ba is Allah's house |
| خَرَجَ الْمُدَرِّسُ مِنْ غُرْفَةِ الْمُدِيْرِ | The teacher went out of the principal's room |
| سَيَّارَةُ عَبَّاسٍ فِي الْشَارِعِ | Abbas's car is in the street |
| بابُ الْمَسْجِدِ مَفْتُوحٌ | The door of the mosque is opened |
| أَيْنَ الْكَلْبُ؟ |
Where is the dog?
It is under the car |
| هَذا بَيْتُ حَامِدٍ | This
is the house of Hamid
and that is the house of Khalid |
