• In Arabic language there are two types of sentences:

1. The Nominal Sentence meaning "Al Jumla tul Ismiya" - this sentence starts with a noun.

2. The Verbal Sentence meaning "Al Jumla tul Fe'liya" - this sentence starts with a verb.

• Please read the following carefully and note the difference between the sentences:

• Two of the sentences in the above table are the nominal sentences and the other two are verbal sentences.

• A nominal sentence is called Jumla tul Ismiya and a verbal sentence is called Jumla tul Fe'liya
   

• a nominal sentence "Jumla tul Ismiya" follows the following rules:

1. It always starts with a noun or a pronoun.

2. It has two parts. The first part is the subject of the sentence and is called "Mubtada" and the other part is the predicate and called "Khabar".

3. The subject "Mubtada" should always be a noun or a pronoun but it is not necessary for the predicate "Khabar" to be a noun or a pronoun so it may or may not be a noun.

4. The subject "Mubtada" is always in the nominative case i.e., the last letter takes a single dhamma if definite - with definite article "al" - and takes two dhammas if indefinite - without the definite article al.

5. The predicate "Khabar" takes the following cases:

 To summarise:

• If the khabar (predicate) is in the nominative case, it's ending letter will take single dhamma when definite and dhammatain when indefinite.

• When the khabar (predicate) is in the accusative case, its ending letter will take a single fatha when definite and fathatain when indefinite.

• When the khabar (the predicate) is in the genitive case, its ending letter will take single kasra if it is definite and kasratain if the word is indefinite.

6. Mubtada is the subject of the sentence i.e., it represents a person or thing which is described in a sentence and the Khabar is the description or the explanation of the Mubtada e.g., when it is said Muhammad is standing then Muhammad is the subject and "is standing" describes his condition. Similar is the case with Arabic sentences.

• In the above sentences all the words appearing in blue are the Mubtada which must be noun or pronoun while the remaining parts of the sentences in black are the khabar. A mubtada must be in the nominative case and takes single dhamma when definite and two dhammas when indefinite.

• Khabar can be of the following types:

• A Khabar takes the case which it requires according to the situation. For instance it takes the nominative case (a dhamma or dhammatain) when it is noun or nominal sentence and takes accusative case (a fatha or fathatain) when its is jumla fe'liya and genitive case ( a kasra or kasratain) in case of jar wa majroor.

• In this section we have learnt many principles and rules.  Please go over this section a few times as the rules we have learnt are very important for understanding later lessons.  Please remember that revision is a very important part of the learning process and you have to have a foundation to build and progress.  If that foundation is weak, then learning the language will become more difficult.  Insha'Allah our goal is to make the learning process an easier and more enjoyable one.  We will continue revising these principles so please do not worry if everything is not clear or understood at this stage.

• In the next part of the lesson Insha Allah we will take some exercises to test your understanding of the lesson.