- As we learnt in Lesson 35, the Five Verbs الأفْعَال الخَمْسَة are any present verb suffixed by أَلِف الاثْنَيْن alif al-ithnayn (dual alif suffix) /-ān/, وَاو الْجَمَاعَة wāw al-ĵamāξah (masculine plural wāw suffix) /-ūn/ or /-īn/, or يَاء الْمُخَاطَبَة yā' al-mukhâŧabah (second person feminine singular yā’ suffix) /-īn/.
- Examples:
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Sentence |
Verb |
Pronoun |
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Picture |
English |
Arabic |
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People go to the market to buy fruits |
النَّاسُ يَذْهَبُونَ إِلَى السُّوقِ، وَيَشْتَرُونَ الفَاكِهَةَ. |
(They) go (They) buy |
Hum |
Masc. pl. |
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You love good and hate evil |
(you plural) like (you plural) hate |
Antum |
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The two students live in a the same city |
(They) live |
Humā |
Dual |
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You are two students studying Qur’an together |
(you dual) study |
antumā |
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You sleep much, Fatima |
(You feminine) sleep |
Anti |
2nd person, fem. sing. |
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- The following table summarizes the verbs which are respectively in the sentences above:
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Verb |
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tanam-īn-a |
tadrus-ān-i |
yaskun-ān-i |
takrah-ūn-a |
tuhib-ūn-a |
yashtar-ūn-a |
yadhhab-ūn-a |
Translite-ration |
|
Sleep |
study |
live |
hate |
Love |
Buy |
Go |
Meaning |
- All the above verbs end with ـونَ (-ūn), ـانِ (-ān) and ـينَ (-īn) and that is why the declension marks or vowels of declensionحَرَكَاتُ الإِعْرَابِ (đammah, fatħah and sukūn) do not appear on the case-ending of these verbs.
- So the declension marks of the Five Verbs are different from the declension marks of the sound or defective verbs.
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Workers wake up early and go to work happily |
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They work hard |
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They do not neglect in their duty |
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They know that they do a duty to the community |
فَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ وَاجِبًا تِجَاهَ الْمُجْتَمَعِ. |
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When they come back home, they take rest after an exhausting day |
وَحِينَ يَعُودُونَ إِلَى بُيُوتِهِمْ فَإنَّهُمْ يَسْتَرِيحُونَ مِنْ تَعَبِ الْيَوْمِ. |
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They thank Allah for His help |
- The following table summarizes the verbs which are respectively in the sentences above:
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Yashkur-ūn-a |
Yastarīh-ūn-a |
Yaξud-ūn-a |
Yu'add-ūn-a |
Ya'lam-ūn-a |
Yuqassir-ūn-a |
Yaξmal-ūn-a |
Yadhhab-ūn-a |
|
thank |
take rest |
come back |
do |
Know |
neglect |
work |
Go |
- In the Rafξ رَفْع case, because they are not preceded by any Naŝb نَصْب particles (أَنْ، لَنْ), Ĵazm جَزْم particles, such as the negating Lam لَمْ النَّافيَة, or the Prohibitive Laa لا which can be translated by لا النَّاهِيَة.
- The mark of Rafξ رَفْع of these verbs is the Nūn نُون /-n/ at the end of the verb, while the marks of Naŝb نَصْب and Ĵazm جَزْم is the omission of the Nūn.